Deschooling Society↗
by Ivan Illich
Ivan Illich's 1971 critique of institutionalized education and vision for learning webs
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Introduction
2 minI owe my interest in public education to Everett Reimer. Until we first met in Puerto Rico in 1958, I had never questioned the value of extending obligatory schooling to all people.
Why We Must Disestablish School
34 minMany students, especially those who are poor, intuitively know what the schools do for them. They school them to confuse process and substance.
Phenomenology of School
11 minSome words become so flexible that they cease to be useful "School" and "teaching" are such terms. Like an amoeba they fit into almost any interstice of the language.
Ritualization of Progress
23 minThe university graduate has been schooled for selective service among the rich of the world.
Institutional Spectrum
17 minMost utopian schemes and futuristic scenarios call for new and costly technologies, which would have to be sold to rich and poor nations alike.
Irrational Consistencies
9 minThis chapter was presented originally at a meeting of the American Educational Research Association, in New York City, February 6, 1971.
Learning Webs
45 minIn a previous chapter I discussed what is becoming a common complaint about schools, one that is reflected, for example, in the recent report of the Carnegie Commission: In school registered students...
Rebirth of Epimethean Man
17 minOur society resembles the ultimate machine which I once saw in a New York toy shop. It was a metal casket which, when you touched a switch, snapped open to reveal a mechanical hand.